Girls may suffer from problems slightly more often than boys (55 per cent girls, 45 per cent boys). The average age of the children studied was around 14 years old. Three-fourths were Caucasian. The most common type of pain was headache (48 per cent) followed by abdominal pain (40 per cent). Back, chest, foot, or limb pain made up a small proportion of reported pain.

Often there is a suspected behavioral, social, or psychologic reason for the reports of pain. Children are better able to manage their pain and function despite the pain when they have a high degree of self-efficacy.

Self-efficacy is the belief that a person has the ability to perform a behavior or action. Patients with a high sense of self-efficacy are more likely to respond to treatment with a positive outcome. Children with a low sense of their own abilities are more prone to anxiety, depression, and low levels of function.