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Causes of Osteoporosis in Children
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Posted on: 10/11/2007
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Osteoporosis also known as brittle bones is a decrease in bone mass or mineral density (BMD). Aging adults are affected most often, but children can have osteoporosis, too.
In this article, doctors from several research centers around the world discuss osteoporosis in children. Factors that affect bone growth and skeletal development are presented. Ways to identify risks and prevent this problem in young patients is a second focus of the report.
Most fractures in children are caused by trauma. Children with fragile bones from osteoporosis may be fracture-prone. They are at increased risk of fracture from minor injuries. The most common bone break in children occurs in the forearm just above the wrist.
Common factors affecting bone mass include genetics and environment. Genes inherited from both parents is a major factor. Diet and exercise make up the bulk of the environmental factor. For girls and women, hormone levels are also a key factor. Corticosteroid treatment and chemotherapy are two other causes of osteoporosis in children.
Physical activity early in life builds bone mass. This must occur before the growth plates between the bones and the joints finish growing and close up. At the same time, getting enough calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus is also important to bone growth and development.
Even with good genes, children must have a certain level of calcium. This is needed to reach peak bone mass that is preset by the genetic code. Higher levels of calcium in the diet during childhood and adolescence can build bone mass and prevent fractures.
Not getting enough vitamin D from diet or lack of sunshine can also contribute to the development of osteoporosis in children. Phosphate in soft drinks is a risk factor for low peak bone mass. This is true when soda pop replaces milk on a daily basis.
Prevention is the most important treatment for osteoporosis in children. Once osteoporosis occurs, current treatment for children is limited. Drugs used to boost bone density in adults have not been tested in children. We don't know if these agents will interfere with bone growth. Long-term effects are also unknown. Further studies in these areas is needed.
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References:
Velimir Matkovic, MD, PhD, et al. Identifying Fracture Risk and Preventing Osteoporosis in Children. In The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine. September 2007. Vol. 24. No. 9. Pp. 380-390.
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*Disclaimer:*The information contained herein is compiled from a variety of sources. It may not be complete or timely. It does not cover all diseases, physical conditions, ailments or treatments. The information should NOT be used in place of visit with your healthcare provider, nor should you disregard the advice of your health care provider because of any information you read in this topic. |
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