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Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a term used for a shoulder that doesn't move freely like it should. Often there is a history of injury, surgery, or other reason why the patient stopped moving the arm and shoulder.
Frozen shoulder is not uncommon after being in the intensive care unit. Patients are connected to machines and often unable to move. Patients getting a heart pacemaker or heart bypass are told not to lift the arms over head for up to six weeks after the operation.
When no movement occurs in a joint, tiny fibers link the joint capsule to the bone. This keeps the joint from moving freely. The condition is a form of scar tissue called fibrosis and leads to a frozen shoulder. Since it's all soft tissue, there are no changes in the bone and nothing shows up on the X-ray.
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