In the 1980s, mechanical engineers studying the low back started looking at forces and load placed on the spine by different muscles. Certain core (local or deep) muscles were found to transfer load between the spine and the pelvis.

Other (more global) muscles provided balance between the rest of the body and the spine. Together, both groups of muscles provide control within the spine and postural alignment of the whole body.

In the 1990s, a well-known scientist (M. M. Panjabi) proposed a new three-prong model to help us understand spinal stability. This information helped bring to light what happens when injury or dysfunction occurs. These three subsystems (passive, active, neural) work together to stabilize the spine.

As a result of these and other studies, we now understand that there are a group of core or central muscles. These particular muscles are largely responsible for stabilization of the spine. When injury occurs, recovery requires restoring spinal stabilization.

Experts have devised a program of exercises aimed at core stabilization. As a natural result, many groups have suggested using these exercises to develop core strength. The hope is to prevent back injuries by doing this type of core training. Whether or not these exercises can maintain a healthy spine remains to be seen.