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The spine, which is made up of several small bones called the vertebrae, can curve either from side to side (scoliosis), forward (kyphosis), or backward (lordosis, usually in the lower back).
The most common curvature is scoliosis; someone can have more than one curve, making an "S" shape with the spine. When the spine is curved, it affects other parts of the body. For example, there may be less room for the lungs to expand, making breathing a problem. A curve in the spine can also cause pain from both the curvature and from the body's attempt at compensating for it.
Scoliosis can also affect the heart as well. By trying to stop the curve from getting worse or correcting it if it is severe, doctors are hoping to prevent such complications.
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