Late whiplash syndrome, LWS, is the presence of pain, restriction of motion or other symptoms six months or more after a whiplash injury. Restrictions may be in areas such as the ability to return to normal activities such as driving, work, or recreation.

E. Williamson, et al. A systematic literature review of psychological factors and the development of late whiplash syndrome. PAIN. 2008.Vol. 135. Pp. 20-30.

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