My son hurt his back 10 months ago when playing football. He still complains of pain, especially when arching backward. Could he have spondylolysis?

Given that the pain has persisted, and extension is painful, your son could have spondylolysis. It can be evaluated by having a physical exam, and likely plain Xrays. Keep in mind that often plain films are falsely negative and your child may need to have further imaging studies done to determine if he has spondylolysis.

Reference: 

M.F. Kurd, et.al. Journal of Spinal Disorderer Technology, Volume 20, Number 8, December 2007. Pp. 560-564.

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