In Little League play, what's the difference between pitching and throwing? I heard the coaches debating these terms but I didn't quite understand their point.

Young athletes involved in throwing sports are often at risk for arm injuries. Baseball pitchers are especially in danger of experiencing repetitive microtrauma to the soft tissues. Over time, with enough stress, serious damage can be done to the shoulder and arm.

There are known guidelines for injury prevention. The first is: don't overdo it. Second, players, parents, and coaches must work together to keep track of the number of pitches a pitcher throws per practice, per game, per week, and per season. The maximum number of allowed pitches varies depending on the age of the pitcher.

Throwing is different from pitching. The athlete propels the ball forward but without a windup and without the speed required in pitching. Usually, players throwing the ball are on flat ground rather than a pitcher's mound. This difference is important because pitching on flat ground places less stress on the pitching arm.

With pitching, as soon as the pitcher moves forward off the mound, there is an increased force of gravity. Taking a maximal stride forward during the wind up adds to the rotational forces placed on the shoulder.

During ball practice, the difference means that year-round throwing is allowed. In fact, sports trainers and coaches use throwing as a form of exercise. It increases the pitcher's endurance and ease of movement needed for the pitch. On the other hand, year-round pitching is limited to prevent wear and tear on the shoulder.